The expansion rate of this circuit is determined by R. The circuit can use any operational amplifier and the power supply must be symmetrical. Resistor R must be less than 10k.
The circuit shown is from an old European publication. In it we have the way to activate a relay...
We found this circuit in a European publication from the 1990s. Transistors are still common types...
This circuit was found in an American documentation and can be added to common amplifiers of any...